Purpose vs. Positivity

What Keeps Local Government Leaders from Leaving?

About the Research

When I started taking DBA didactic courses in the spring of 2022, public service motivation and psychological capital were not in my vocabulary. Early in the program, I started a list and mindmap of the topics that interested me and might be appropriate for a dissertation - things like reverse mentoring and workplace resilience. The list grew and evolved, not unlike life itself. 

For the past two decades, I’ve been blessed with a local government career filled with extraordinary experiences and amazing professional colleagues. Like many in this profession, it has also had its share of challenges and occasionally painful growth opportunities. 2020 was a year filled with more than a few of those ‘growth opportunities.’ Then 2023 came along, and if there was ever a ‘hold my beer’ kind of year, 2023 was it. 2023 tested the limits of my mental and emotional well-being and took a toll on my physical health that it’s taken nearly a year to undo and recover from.

Much of last year was spent wondering ‘why’ and ‘how’. Why do people do this work? Why do people tolerate some of the brutal experiences that are happening in this profession? How are people surviving, let alone thriving? How do the people who find success and happiness in this field do it? Those curiosities led me to PSM and PsyCap. The more I read and learned, the more I knew I had found the things I wanted to research. As I spoke with thought leaders in the profession and scholars in the respective fields, it was reaffirmed that I was indeed on to something important, interesting, and timely.

Public Service Motivation

Public Service Motivation (PSM) is a theory that aims to explain why individuals are motivated to work in public service and contribute to the public good. PSM is defined as "an individual's predisposition to respond to motives grounded primarily or uniquely in public institutions" (Perry & Wise, 1990). Simply stated, PSM refers to the desire or motivation of individuals to serve the public interest and contribute to society through their work, often in the public sector.

This research survey uses Perry’s (1996) PSM scale, which consists of 24 questions that explore four components: attraction to public policy-making, commitment to the public interest, compassion, and self-sacrifice.

Key Research

Perry, J. L., & Wise, L. R. (1990). The motivational bases of public service. Public Administration Review, 367-373.

Perry, J. L. (1996). Measuring public service motivation: An assessment of construct reliability and validity. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 6(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024303

Psychological Capital

Psychological Capital (PsyCap) is a theory in positive organizational behavior that focuses on developing and leveraging positive psychological resources in individuals to enhance workplace performance and well-being. The theory comprises four key components, often referred to as the HERO (hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism) model. The theory provides a framework for boosting employee development, enhancing leadership effectiveness, facilitating change management, and promoting overall well-being, all of which can lead to improved organizational performance and resilience.

This research survey uses Luthans et al.’s (2007) Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24), which consists of 24 questions assessing four components: self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism.

Key Research

Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, G. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541-572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x

Turnover Intention

Turnover intention refers to an employee's likelihood or plan to leave their current job or organization within a certain period of time. It is considered a strong predictor of actual employee turnover.

The research survey uses Roodt’s TIS-6 scale, which consists of six questions designed to evaluate turnover intention. Bothma and Roodt's (2013) definition and measurement of turnover intention focus on capturing an employee's psychological state and behavioral intentions regarding leaving their current organization.

Key Research

Bothma, C. F., & Roodt, G. (2013). The validation of the turnover intention scale. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 1-12.